ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS FOR MORTALITY IN CARDIAC SURGICAL ADULT PATIENTS

Abstract

Aim: To assess risk factors for mortality in cardiac surgical adult patients.
Methods: One thousand hundred adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass, aged 20 to 60 years of either gender were selected and parameters such as clinical profile, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, preoperative condition, type of operations performed and risk factors, etc. were recorded.
Results: There were 620 males and 480 females. Age groups 20-30 years had 50, 30-40 years had 250, 40-50 years had 520, and 50-60 years had 280 patients. BMI showed healthy 660, overweight 370, obese 50, and severe obese 20 subjects. Preoperative conditions found were diabetes in 230, hypertension in 140, extracardiac arteriopathy in 60, intermittent claudication in 80, chronic renal insufficiency in 50, and chronic pulmonary disease in 20 patients. Operations performed were elective coronary artery bypass surgery in 600, aortic valve surgery in 250, mitral repair or replacement in 210, and ASD closure in 40. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Out of 1100 patients, 30 (2.7%) died. Common risk factors were advancing age, female gender, extracardiac arteriopathy, chronic pulmonary disease, neurological dysfunction, serum creatinine >2.0, LVEF <30% and systolic pulmonary pressure > 60.
Conclusion: Several risk factors contribute to cardiac surgical mortality such as systolic pulmonary pressure > 60, increasing age, female gender, extracardiac arteriopathy, chronic pulmonary disease, neurological dysfunction, serum creatinine >2.0, LVEF <30%. Using this data, a risk stratification method for estimating hospital mortality and evaluating the quality of care can be created.