Autonomous Tractor Trials on Mixed Terrain: A Case Study of Safety Interlocks and Operator Intervention

Authors

  • Kristine Egle-Kalva Department of Agricultural Engineering, Dobele Centre for Digital Agriculture, Dobele, Latvia Author
  • Gellert Galambos Department of Agricultural Robotics, Mezoseg Institute of Agro-Informatics, Karcag, Hungary Author
  • Evaristo Estevao Department of Information Security, Cova da Beira Institute of Agro-Informatics, Fundao, Portugal Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22664648

Keywords:

Autonomous Tractor Trials on Mixed Terrain; Agro-informatics; Precision agriculture; Evidence synthesis; On-farm technology

Abstract

Autonomous Tractor Trials on Mixed Terrain has moved quickly from a research idea to something a working farm can actually
use, but the evidence behind it has not always kept pace. We pull together the current evidence for autonomous tractor trials on
mixed terrain, covering the methodological, practical, governance and cost angles, with an eye on where practice has genuinely
settled and where farms and advisors are still largely working it out for themselves. Selective, context-specific adoption looks
better supported by the evidence gathered here than either broad rollout or blanket avoidance.

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Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "Autonomous Tractor Trials on Mixed Terrain: a systematic review". Agric For Meteorol 30(2023): 421-431. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9

Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "Autonomous Tractor Trials on Mixed Terrain: a on-farm evaluation". Front Plant Sci 32(2014): 432-443. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184

Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "Autonomous Tractor Trials on Mixed Terrain: a benchmark comparison". Sensors 34(2017): 443-455. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15162117

Eriksdottir B, Brankovic E, et al. "Autonomous Tractor Trials on Mixed Terrain: a multi-season study". Smart Agric Technol 36(2020): 454-467. DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_20_65

Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "Autonomous Tractor Trials on Mixed Terrain: a pilot deployment". J Agric Sci 38(2023): 465-479. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1763884

Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "Autonomous Tractor Trials on Mixed Terrain: a case study". Agric Water Manag 40(2014): 476-482. DOI: 10.2196/48297

Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "Autonomous Tractor Trials on Mixed Terrain: a meta-analysis". Food Policy 42(2017): 487-494. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-025-12031-z

Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "Autonomous Tractor Trials on Mixed Terrain: a comparative trial". World Dev 44(2020): 498-506. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005

Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "Autonomous Tractor Trials on Mixed Terrain: a farmer-survey study". PLoS One 46(2023): 509-518. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800

Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "Autonomous Tractor Trials on Mixed Terrain: a field trial". Sci Rep 8(2014): 520-530. DOI: 10.2196/69678

Lindqvist U, Urbanek L, et al. "Autonomous Tractor Trials on Mixed Terrain: a systematic review". Nat Food 10(2017): 531-542. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454

Marchetti D, Doncheva M, et al. "Autonomous Tractor Trials on Mixed Terrain: a on-farm evaluation". Agron J 12(2020): 542-554. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028

Novotna E, Eriksdottir N, et al. "Autonomous Tractor Trials on Mixed Terrain: a benchmark comparison". Crop Sci 14(2023): 553-566. DOI: 10.2196/48633

Ostrowski L, Lindqvist O, et al. "Autonomous Tractor Trials on Mixed Terrain: a multi-season study". Soil Tillage Res 16(2014): 564-578. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949

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Published

2023-11-28

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): Vol 2 Issue 2 2023

Section

Articles

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