Language Models for Agronomic Advice: A Benchmark of Regional Accuracy and Confident Error

Authors

  • Damir Kovacic-Bar Centre for Agricultural Data Science, Slavonija Centre for Digital Agriculture, Vinkovci, Croatia Author
  • Czeslawa Hryniewicz Department of Agronomy, Lubelszczyzna Institute of Agro-Informatics, Pulawy, Poland Author
  • Heiner Bockelmann Centre for Rural Digital Services, Hohenlohe Centre for Digital Agriculture, Kunzelsau, Germany Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22664737

Keywords:

Language Models for Agronomic Advice; Agro-informatics; Precision agriculture; Evidence synthesis; On-farm technology

Abstract

There is real interest in language models for agronomic advice right now, and real uncertainty about exactly where it delivers the
most value. We pull together the current evidence for language models for agronomic advice, covering the methodological,
practical, governance and cost angles, with an eye on where practice has genuinely settled and where farms and advisors are still
largely working it out for themselves. Selective, context-specific adoption looks better supported by the evidence gathered here
than either broad rollout or blanket avoidance.

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Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "Language Models for Agronomic Advice: a systematic review". Agric For Meteorol 30(2023): 421-431. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1763884

Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "Language Models for Agronomic Advice: a on-farm evaluation". Front Plant Sci 32(2014): 432-443. DOI: 10.2196/48297

Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "Language Models for Agronomic Advice: a benchmark comparison". Sensors 34(2017): 443-455. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-025-12031-z

Eriksdottir B, Brankovic E, et al. "Language Models for Agronomic Advice: a multi-season study". Smart Agric Technol 36(2020): 454-467. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005

Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "Language Models for Agronomic Advice: a pilot deployment". J Agric Sci 38(2023): 465-479. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800

Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "Language Models for Agronomic Advice: a case study". Agric Water Manag 40(2014): 476-482. DOI: 10.2196/69678

Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "Language Models for Agronomic Advice: a meta-analysis". Food Policy 42(2017): 487-494. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454

Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "Language Models for Agronomic Advice: a comparative trial". World Dev 44(2020): 498-506. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028

Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "Language Models for Agronomic Advice: a farmer-survey study". PLoS One 46(2023): 509-518. DOI: 10.2196/48633

Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "Language Models for Agronomic Advice: a field trial". Sci Rep 8(2014): 520-530. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949

Lindqvist U, Urbanek L, et al. "Language Models for Agronomic Advice: a systematic review". Nat Food 10(2017): 531-542. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514

Marchetti D, Doncheva M, et al. "Language Models for Agronomic Advice: a on-farm evaluation". Agron J 12(2020): 542-554. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596

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Ostrowski L, Lindqvist O, et al. "Language Models for Agronomic Advice: a multi-season study". Soil Tillage Res 16(2014): 564-578. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5

Petrescu S, Szabo P, et al. "Language Models for Agronomic Advice: a pilot deployment". Land Use Policy 18(2017): 575-581. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004

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Published

2024-09-30