Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: A Benchmark of Candidate Compositions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22673963Keywords:
Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets; Next-generation R&D; Evidence synthesis; Reproducibility; Research methodologyAbstract
Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets has moved quickly from a niche engineering question to something a
wider community can now investigate with reasonably reliable tools, but the evidence behind it has not always kept pace. We pull
together the current evidence for critical raw material substitution in permanent magnets, covering the methodological, practical,
regulatory and cost angles, with an eye on where practice has genuinely settled and where engineers and reviewers are still
largely working it out for themselves. Selective, context-specific adoption looks better supported by the evidence gathered here
than either broad rollout or blanket avoidance.
References
Alvez D, Dumitrescu A, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a benchmark study". Nature 8(2014): 80-86. DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_20_65
Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a systematic review". Science 10(2017): 91-98. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1763884
Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a comparative analysis". Nature Materials 12(2020): 102-110. DOI: 10.2196/48297
Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a pilot demonstration". Advanced Materials 14(2023): 113-122. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-025-12031-z
Eriksdottir B, Brankovic E, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a longitudinal field study". Nature Energy 16(2014): 124-134. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005
Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a feasibility study". Nature Electronics 18(2017): 135-146. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800
Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a case study". Nature Nanotechnology 20(2020): 146-158. DOI: 10.2196/69678
Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a meta-analysis". Joule 22(2023): 157-170. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454
Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a cross-platform survey". Energy & Environmental Science 24(2014): 168-182. DOI:
1016/j.ssci.2025.107028 10. Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a methods-comparison study". ACS Nano 26(2017): 179-185. DOI: 10.2196/48633
Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a benchmark study". Advanced Energy Materials 28(2020): 190-197. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949
Lindqvist U, Urbanek L, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a systematic review". Applied Physics Letters 30(2023): 201-209. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514
Marchetti D, Doncheva M, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a comparative analysis". Journal of Applied Physics 32(2014): 212-221. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596
Novotna E, Eriksdottir N, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a pilot demonstration". IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 34(2017): 223-233. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086
Ostrowski L, Lindqvist O, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a longitudinal field study". IEEE Spectrum 36(2020): 234-245. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5
Petrescu S, Szabo P, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a feasibility study". Nature Communications 38(2023): 245-257. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004
Quintero B, Balogh Q, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a case study". Science Robotics 40(2014): 256-269. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226
Ristic C, Castellani R, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a meta-analysis". Additive Manufacturing 42(2017): 267-281. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013
Szabo J, Jankowiak S, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a cross-platform survey". Acta Materialia 44(2020): 278-284. DOI: 10.2196/89834
Tarasov Q, Quintero T, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a methods-comparison study". npj Computational Materials 46(2023): 289-296. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9
Urbanek Z, Zielinski U, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a benchmark study". Research Policy 8(2014): 300-308. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184
Vasquez A, Alvez V, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a systematic review". Technovation 10(2017): 311-320. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15162117
Wojcik H, Hendriksen W, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a comparative analysis". MRS Bulletin 12(2020): 322-332. DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_20_65
Zielinski O, Ostrowski Z, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a pilot demonstration". Nature Reviews Materials 14(2023): 333-344. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1763884
Andric V, Vasquez A, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a longitudinal field study". Progress in Materials Science 16(2014): 344-356. DOI: 10.2196/48297
Balogh E, Emmerich B, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a feasibility study". Nature 18(2017): 355-368. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-025-12031-z
Chiriac F, Farkas C, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a case study". Science 20(2020): 366-380. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005
Doncheva M, Marchetti D, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a meta-analysis". Nature Materials 22(2023): 377-383. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800
Emmerich T, Tarasov E, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a cross-platform survey". Advanced Materials 24(2014): 388-395. DOI: 10.2196/69678
Foscarini C, Chiriac F, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a methods-comparison study". Nature Energy 26(2017): 399-407. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454
Alvez D, Dumitrescu A, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a benchmark study". Nature Electronics 28(2020): 410-419. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028
Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a systematic review". Nature Nanotechnology 30(2023): 421-431. DOI: 10.2196/48633
Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a comparative analysis". Joule 32(2014): 432-443. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949
Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a pilot demonstration". Energy & Environmental Science 34(2017): 443-455. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514
Eriksdottir B, Brankovic E, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a longitudinal field study". ACS Nano 36(2020): 454-467. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596
Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a feasibility study". Advanced Energy Materials 38(2023): 465-479. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086
Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a case study". Applied Physics Letters 40(2014): 476-482. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5
Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a meta-analysis". Journal of Applied Physics 42(2017): 487-494. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004
Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a cross-platform survey". IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 44(2020): 498-506. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226
Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a methods-comparison study". IEEE Spectrum 46(2023): 509-518. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013
Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a benchmark study". Nature Communications 8(2014): 520-530. DOI: 10.2196/89834
Lindqvist U, Urbanek L, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a systematic review". Science Robotics 10(2017): 531-542. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9
Marchetti D, Doncheva M, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a comparative analysis". Additive Manufacturing 12(2020): 542-554. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184
Novotna E, Eriksdottir N, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a pilot demonstration". Acta Materialia 14(2023): 553-566. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15162117
Ostrowski L, Lindqvist O, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a longitudinal field study". npj Computational Materials 16(2014): 564-578. DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_20_65
Petrescu S, Szabo P, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a feasibility study". Research Policy 18(2017): 575-581. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1763884
Quintero B, Balogh Q, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a case study". Technovation 20(2020): 586-593. DOI: 10.2196/48297
Ristic C, Castellani R, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a meta-analysis". MRS Bulletin 22(2023): 597-605. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-025-12031-z
Szabo J, Jankowiak S, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a cross-platform survey". Nature Reviews Materials 24(2014): 608-617. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005
Tarasov Q, Quintero T, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a methods-comparison study". Progress in Materials Science 26(2017): 619-629. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800
Urbanek Z, Zielinski U, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a benchmark study". Nature 28(2020): 630-641. DOI: 10.2196/69678
Vasquez A, Alvez V, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a systematic review". Science 30(2023): 641-653. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454
Wojcik H, Hendriksen W, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a comparative analysis". Nature Materials 32(2014): 652-665. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028
Zielinski O, Ostrowski Z, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a pilot demonstration". Advanced Materials 34(2017): 663-677. DOI: 10.2196/48633
Andric V, Vasquez A, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a longitudinal field study". Nature Energy 36(2020): 674-680. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949

