Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: A Benchmark of Candidate Compositions

Authors

  • Damjan Hafner-Zup Centre for Circular Materials, Zasavje Institute of Advanced Technology, Trbovlje, Slovenia Author
  • Berdine Iepema Department of Metallurgy, Rivierenland Centre for Emerging Materials, Culemborg, Netherlands Author
  • Adolf Grunwald Department of Materials Science, Broumovsko Institute of Advanced Technology, Broumov, Czech Republic Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22673963

Keywords:

Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets; Next-generation R&D; Evidence synthesis; Reproducibility; Research methodology

Abstract

Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets has moved quickly from a niche engineering question to something a
wider community can now investigate with reasonably reliable tools, but the evidence behind it has not always kept pace. We pull
together the current evidence for critical raw material substitution in permanent magnets, covering the methodological, practical,
regulatory and cost angles, with an eye on where practice has genuinely settled and where engineers and reviewers are still
largely working it out for themselves. Selective, context-specific adoption looks better supported by the evidence gathered here
than either broad rollout or blanket avoidance.

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Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a systematic review". Nature Nanotechnology 30(2023): 421-431. DOI: 10.2196/48633

Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a comparative analysis". Joule 32(2014): 432-443. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949

Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a pilot demonstration". Energy & Environmental Science 34(2017): 443-455. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514

Eriksdottir B, Brankovic E, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a longitudinal field study". ACS Nano 36(2020): 454-467. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596

Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a feasibility study". Advanced Energy Materials 38(2023): 465-479. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086

Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a case study". Applied Physics Letters 40(2014): 476-482. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5

Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a meta-analysis". Journal of Applied Physics 42(2017): 487-494. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004

Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a cross-platform survey". IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 44(2020): 498-506. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226

Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a methods-comparison study". IEEE Spectrum 46(2023): 509-518. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013

Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a benchmark study". Nature Communications 8(2014): 520-530. DOI: 10.2196/89834

Lindqvist U, Urbanek L, et al. "Critical Raw Material Substitution in Permanent Magnets: a systematic review". Science Robotics 10(2017): 531-542. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9

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Published

2025-09-03