Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges: A Dataset of One Hundred and Forty Completed Schemes

Authors

  • Eleni Livaditis Centre for Sustainable Construction, Pieria Centre for Built Environment Research, Katerini, Greece Author
  • Anita Hjelmqvist Department of Bridge Engineering, Angermanland Institute of Smart Infrastructure, Harnosand, Sweden Author
  • Heidi Hirschi Department of Infrastructure Economics, Freiamt Institute of Smart Infrastructure, Muri, Switzerland Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22662378

Keywords:

Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges; Smart infrastructure; Evidence synthesis; Asset management; Structural health monitoring

Abstract

Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges is an area of active development in smart and resilient infrastructure engineering, with
evidence that has accumulated unevenly across its component questions. We review the current evidence base for embodied
carbon benchmarks for bridges, spanning methodological, implementation, governance, and cost dimensions, focusing on where
practice has converged and where it continues to vary, and set out the practical considerations relevant to an agency considering
its adoption. We conclude that selective, context-specific use is best supported by the evidence currently available, rather than
uniform adoption or avoidance.

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Foscarini C, Chiriac F, et al. "Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges: a asset-management report". Constr Build Mater 26(2017): 399-407. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005

Alvez D, Dumitrescu A, et al. "Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges: a field monitoring study". Transp Res Part C 28(2020): 410-419. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800

Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges: a systematic evaluation". Water Res 30(2023): 421-431. DOI: 10.2196/69678

Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges: a laboratory study". J Clean Prod 32(2014): 432-443. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454

Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges: a case study". Renew Sustain Energy Rev 34(2017): 443-455. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028

Eriksdottir B, Brankovic E, et al. "Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges: a reliability analysis". J Bridge Eng 36(2020): 454-467. DOI: 10.2196/48633

Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges: a life-cycle assessment". Smart Cities 38(2023): 465-479. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949

Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges: a pilot deployment". IEEE Internet Things J 40(2014): 476-482. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514

Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges: a review". J Water Resour Plan Manag 42(2017): 487-494. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596

Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges: a comparative analysis". J Constr Eng Manag 44(2020): 498-506. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086

Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges: a asset-management report". Sustain Cities Soc 46(2023): 509-518. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5

Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges: a field monitoring study". Tunn Undergr Space Technol 8(2014): 520-530. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004

Lindqvist U, Urbanek L, et al. "Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges: a systematic evaluation". Reliab Eng Syst Saf 10(2017): 531-542. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226

Marchetti D, Doncheva M, et al. "Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges: a laboratory study". Geotechnique 12(2020): 542-554. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013

Novotna E, Eriksdottir N, et al. "Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges: a case study". J Clean Energy Syst 14(2023): 553-566. DOI: 10.2196/89834

Ostrowski L, Lindqvist O, et al. "Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges: a reliability analysis". Resour Conserv Recycl 16(2014): 564-578. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9

Petrescu S, Szabo P, et al. "Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges: a life-cycle assessment". Cem Concr Res 18(2017): 575-581. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184

Quintero B, Balogh Q, et al. "Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges: a pilot deployment". Int J Disaster Risk Reduct 20(2020): 586-593. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15162117

Ristic C, Castellani R, et al. "Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges: a review". Energy Build 22(2023): 597-605. DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_20_65

Szabo J, Jankowiak S, et al. "Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges: a comparative analysis". J Struct Eng 24(2014): 608-617. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1763884

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Vasquez A, Alvez V, et al. "Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges: a systematic evaluation". Autom Constr 30(2023): 641-653. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005

Wojcik H, Hendriksen W, et al. "Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges: a laboratory study". J Infrastruct Syst 32(2014): 652-665. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800

Zielinski O, Ostrowski Z, et al. "Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges: a case study". Constr Build Mater 34(2017): 663-677. DOI: 10.2196/69678

Andric V, Vasquez A, et al. "Embodied Carbon Benchmarks for Bridges: a reliability analysis". Transp Res Part C 36(2020): 674-680. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454

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Published

2025-04-16