Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: A Benchmark of Recall, Latency and Index Rebuild Cost
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22660598Keywords:
Vector Databases for Production Retrieval; Applied machine learning; Evidence synthesis; Production deployment; MLOpsAbstract
Vector Databases for Production Retrieval is an area of active development in applied machine learning, with evidence that has
accumulated unevenly across its component questions. We review the current evidence base for vector databases for production
retrieval, spanning methodological, implementation, governance, and cost dimensions, focusing on where practice has converged
and where it continues to vary, and set out the practical considerations relevant to a team considering its adoption. We conclude
that selective, context-specific use is best supported by the evidence currently available, rather than uniform adoption or
avoidance.
References
Alvez D, Dumitrescu A, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a benchmark study". J Mach Learn Res 8(2014): 80-86. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949
Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a systematic evaluation". IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 10(2017): 91-98. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514
Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a empirical analysis". Proc NeurIPS 12(2020): 102-110. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596
Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a ablation study". Proc ICML 14(2023): 113-122. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086
Eriksdottir B, Brankovic E, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a reproducibility study". Proc ICLR 16(2014): 124-134. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5
Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a large-scale evaluation". ACM Trans Intell Syst 18(2017): 135-146. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004
Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a case study". Data Min Knowl Discov 20(2020): 146-158. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226
Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a survey". Artif Intell 22(2023): 157-170. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013
Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a comparative analysis". Knowl Based Syst 24(2014): 168-182. DOI: 10.2196/89834
Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a field deployment report". IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 26(2017): 179-185. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9
Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a benchmark study". Proc KDD 28(2020): 190-197. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184
Lindqvist U, Urbanek L, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a systematic evaluation". Proc AAAI 30(2023): 201-209. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15162117
Marchetti D, Doncheva M, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a empirical analysis". IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 32(2014): 212-221. DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_20_65
Novotna E, Eriksdottir N, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a ablation study". J Artif Intell Res 34(2017): 223-233. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1763884
Ostrowski L, Lindqvist O, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a reproducibility study". ACM Comput Surv 36(2020): 234-245. DOI: 10.2196/48297
Petrescu S, Szabo P, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a large-scale evaluation". Neural Comput Appl 38(2023): 245-257. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-025-12031-z
Quintero B, Balogh Q, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a case study". Expert Syst Appl 40(2014): 256-269. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005
Ristic C, Castellani R, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a survey". Inf Sci 42(2017): 267-281. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800
Szabo J, Jankowiak S, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a comparative analysis". Pattern Recognit 44(2020): 278-284. DOI: 10.2196/69678
Tarasov Q, Quintero T, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a field deployment report". IEEE Access 46(2023): 289-296. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454
Urbanek Z, Zielinski U, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a benchmark study". ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol 8(2014): 300-308. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028
Vasquez A, Alvez V, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a systematic evaluation". Proc MLSys 10(2017): 311-320. DOI: 10.2196/48633
Wojcik H, Hendriksen W, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a empirical analysis". Proc FAccT 12(2020): 322-332. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949
Zielinski O, Ostrowski Z, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a ablation study". Nat Mach Intell 14(2023): 333-344. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514
Andric V, Vasquez A, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a reproducibility study". J Mach Learn Res 16(2014): 344-356. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596
Balogh E, Emmerich B, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a large-scale evaluation". IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 18(2017): 355-368. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086
Chiriac F, Farkas C, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a case study". Proc NeurIPS 20(2020): 366-380. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5
Doncheva M, Marchetti D, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a survey". Proc ICML 22(2023): 377-383. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004
Emmerich T, Tarasov E, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a comparative analysis". Proc ICLR 24(2014): 388-395. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226
Foscarini C, Chiriac F, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a field deployment report". ACM Trans Intell Syst 26(2017): 399-407. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013
Alvez D, Dumitrescu A, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a benchmark study". Data Min Knowl Discov 28(2020): 410-419. DOI: 10.2196/89834
Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a systematic evaluation". Artif Intell 30(2023): 421-431. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9
Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a empirical analysis". Knowl Based Syst 32(2014): 432-443. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184
Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a ablation study". IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 34(2017): 443-455. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15162117
Eriksdottir B, Brankovic E, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a reproducibility study". Proc KDD 36(2020): 454-467. DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_20_65
Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a large-scale evaluation". Proc AAAI 38(2023): 465-479. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1763884
Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a case study". IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 40(2014): 476-482. DOI: 10.2196/48297
Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a survey". J Artif Intell Res 42(2017): 487-494. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-025-12031-z
Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a comparative analysis". ACM Comput Surv 44(2020): 498-506. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005
Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a field deployment report". Neural Comput Appl 46(2023): 509-518. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800
Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a benchmark study". Expert Syst Appl 8(2014): 520-530. DOI: 10.2196/69678
Lindqvist U, Urbanek L, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a systematic evaluation". Inf Sci 10(2017): 531-542. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454
Marchetti D, Doncheva M, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a empirical analysis". Pattern Recognit 12(2020): 542-554. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028
Novotna E, Eriksdottir N, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a ablation study". IEEE Access 14(2023): 553-566. DOI: 10.2196/48633
Ostrowski L, Lindqvist O, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a reproducibility study". ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol 16(2014): 564-578. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949
Petrescu S, Szabo P, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a large-scale evaluation". Proc MLSys 18(2017): 575-581. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514
Quintero B, Balogh Q, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a case study". Proc FAccT 20(2020): 586-593. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596
Ristic C, Castellani R, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a survey". Nat Mach Intell 22(2023): 597-605. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086
Szabo J, Jankowiak S, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a comparative analysis". J Mach Learn Res 24(2014): 608-617. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5
Tarasov Q, Quintero T, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a field deployment report". IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 26(2017): 619-629. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004
Urbanek Z, Zielinski U, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a benchmark study". Proc NeurIPS 28(2020): 630-641. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226
Vasquez A, Alvez V, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a systematic evaluation". Proc ICML 30(2023): 641-653. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013
Wojcik H, Hendriksen W, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a empirical analysis". Proc ICLR 32(2014): 652-665. DOI: 10.2196/89834
Zielinski O, Ostrowski Z, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a ablation study". ACM Trans Intell Syst 34(2017): 663-677. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9
Andric V, Vasquez A, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a reproducibility study". Data Min Knowl Discov 36(2020): 674-680. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184

