Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: A Benchmark of Recall, Latency and Index Rebuild Cost

Authors

  • Waltraud Salcher Department of Database Systems, Bucklige Welt Institute of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Wiener Neustadt, Austria Author
  • Margus Kalmus Centre for Information Retrieval, Laanemaa Institute of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Haapsalu, Estonia Author
  • Ondrej Krajcovic Department of Platform Engineering, Zahorie Institute of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Malacky, Slovakia Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22660598

Keywords:

Vector Databases for Production Retrieval; Applied machine learning; Evidence synthesis; Production deployment; MLOps

Abstract

Vector Databases for Production Retrieval is an area of active development in applied machine learning, with evidence that has
accumulated unevenly across its component questions. We review the current evidence base for vector databases for production
retrieval, spanning methodological, implementation, governance, and cost dimensions, focusing on where practice has converged
and where it continues to vary, and set out the practical considerations relevant to a team considering its adoption. We conclude
that selective, context-specific use is best supported by the evidence currently available, rather than uniform adoption or
avoidance.

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Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a systematic evaluation". Artif Intell 30(2023): 421-431. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9

Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a empirical analysis". Knowl Based Syst 32(2014): 432-443. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184

Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a ablation study". IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 34(2017): 443-455. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15162117

Eriksdottir B, Brankovic E, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a reproducibility study". Proc KDD 36(2020): 454-467. DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_20_65

Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a large-scale evaluation". Proc AAAI 38(2023): 465-479. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1763884

Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a case study". IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 40(2014): 476-482. DOI: 10.2196/48297

Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a survey". J Artif Intell Res 42(2017): 487-494. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-025-12031-z

Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a comparative analysis". ACM Comput Surv 44(2020): 498-506. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005

Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a field deployment report". Neural Comput Appl 46(2023): 509-518. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800

Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a benchmark study". Expert Syst Appl 8(2014): 520-530. DOI: 10.2196/69678

Lindqvist U, Urbanek L, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a systematic evaluation". Inf Sci 10(2017): 531-542. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454

Marchetti D, Doncheva M, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a empirical analysis". Pattern Recognit 12(2020): 542-554. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028

Novotna E, Eriksdottir N, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a ablation study". IEEE Access 14(2023): 553-566. DOI: 10.2196/48633

Ostrowski L, Lindqvist O, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a reproducibility study". ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol 16(2014): 564-578. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949

Petrescu S, Szabo P, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a large-scale evaluation". Proc MLSys 18(2017): 575-581. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514

Quintero B, Balogh Q, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a case study". Proc FAccT 20(2020): 586-593. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596

Ristic C, Castellani R, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a survey". Nat Mach Intell 22(2023): 597-605. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086

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Wojcik H, Hendriksen W, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a empirical analysis". Proc ICLR 32(2014): 652-665. DOI: 10.2196/89834

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Andric V, Vasquez A, et al. "Vector Databases for Production Retrieval: a reproducibility study". Data Min Knowl Discov 36(2020): 674-680. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184

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Published

2023-11-12