Federated Learning Across Hospitals: Communication Cost, Heterogeneity and What Never Leaves the Site

Authors

  • Rasa Stankevicius Centre for Responsible AI, Nemunas Delta Institute of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Silute, Lithuania Author
  • Jarmila Belanova Department of Clinical Informatics, Zahorie Institute of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Malacky, Slovakia Author
  • Roby Steichen Centre for Machine Learning Research, Sure Valley Centre for Machine Intelligence, Ettelbruck, Luxembourg Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22657213

Keywords:

Federated Learning Across Hospitals; Applied machine learning; Evidence synthesis; Production deployment; MLOps

Abstract

Federated Learning Across Hospitals is an area of active development in applied machine learning, with evidence that has
accumulated unevenly across its component questions. We review the current evidence base for federated learning across
hospitals, spanning methodological, implementation, governance, and cost dimensions, focusing on where practice has converged
and where it continues to vary, and set out the practical considerations relevant to a team considering its adoption. We conclude
that selective, context-specific use is best supported by the evidence currently available, rather than uniform adoption or
avoidance

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Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "Federated Learning Across Hospitals: a systematic evaluation". Artif Intell 30(2023): 421-431. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454

Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "Federated Learning Across Hospitals: a empirical analysis". Knowl Based Syst 32(2014): 432-443. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028

Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "Federated Learning Across Hospitals: a ablation study". IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 34(2017): 443-455. DOI: 10.2196/48633

Eriksdottir B, Brankovic E, et al. "Federated Learning Across Hospitals: a reproducibility study". Proc KDD 36(2020): 454-467. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949

Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "Federated Learning Across Hospitals: a large-scale evaluation". Proc AAAI 38(2023): 465-479. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514

Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "Federated Learning Across Hospitals: a case study". IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 40(2014): 476-482. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596

Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "Federated Learning Across Hospitals: a survey". J Artif Intell Res 42(2017): 487-494. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086

Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "Federated Learning Across Hospitals: a comparative analysis". ACM Comput Surv 44(2020): 498-506. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5

Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "Federated Learning Across Hospitals: a field deployment report". Neural Comput Appl 46(2023): 509-518. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004

Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "Federated Learning Across Hospitals: a benchmark study". Expert Syst Appl 8(2014): 520-530. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226

Lindqvist U, Urbanek L, et al. "Federated Learning Across Hospitals: a systematic evaluation". Inf Sci 10(2017): 531-542. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013

Marchetti D, Doncheva M, et al. "Federated Learning Across Hospitals: a empirical analysis". Pattern Recognit 12(2020): 542-554. DOI: 10.2196/89834

Novotna E, Eriksdottir N, et al. "Federated Learning Across Hospitals: a ablation study". IEEE Access 14(2023): 553-566. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9

Ostrowski L, Lindqvist O, et al. "Federated Learning Across Hospitals: a reproducibility study". ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol 16(2014): 564-578. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184

Petrescu S, Szabo P, et al. "Federated Learning Across Hospitals: a large-scale evaluation". Proc MLSys 18(2017): 575-581. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15162117

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Published

2022-03-07