Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: A Review of What Can and Cannot Be Inferred
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22668024Keywords:
Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity; Biological sciences; Evidence synthesis; Reproducibility; Research methodologyAbstract
There is real interest in human brain organoids and model validity right now, and real uncertainty about exactly where it delivers
the most value. We pull together the current evidence for human brain organoids and model validity, covering the methodological,
practical, regulatory and cost angles, with an eye on where practice has genuinely settled and where researchers and reviewers
are still largely working it out for themselves. Selective, context-specific adoption looks better supported by the evidence gathered
here than either broad rollout or blanket avoidance.
References
Alvez D, Dumitrescu A, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a observational study". Nature 8(2014): 80-86. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949
Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a systematic review". Science 10(2017): 91-98. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514
Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a comparative analysis". PNAS 12(2020): 102-110. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596
Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a benchmark comparison". Cell 14(2023): 113-122. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086
Eriksdottir B, Brankovic E, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a longitudinal study". eLife 16(2014): 124-134. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5
Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a pilot investigation". PLoS Biology 18(2017): 135-146. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004
Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a case study". Nature Communications 20(2020): 146-158. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226
Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a meta-analysis". Current Biology 22(2023): 157-170. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013
Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a cross-sectional survey". Nature Ecology & Evolution 24(2014): 168-182. DOI: 10.2196/89834
Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a methods-comparison study". Molecular Biology and Evolution 26(2017): 179-185. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9
Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a observational study". Genome Biology 28(2020): 190-197. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184
Lindqvist U, Urbanek L, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a systematic review". Nature Methods 30(2023): 201-209. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15162117
Marchetti D, Doncheva M, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a comparative analysis". BMC Biology 32(2014): 212-221. DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_20_65
Novotna E, Eriksdottir N, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a benchmark comparison". Journal of Experimental Biology 34(2017): 223-233. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1763884
Ostrowski L, Lindqvist O, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a longitudinal study". Ecology Letters 36(2020): 234-245. DOI: 10.2196/48297
Petrescu S, Szabo P, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a pilot investigation". Conservation Biology 38(2023): 245-257. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-025-12031-z
Quintero B, Balogh Q, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a case study". Trends in Ecology & Evolution 40(2014): 256-269. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005
Ristic C, Castellani R, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a meta-analysis". Cell Reports 42(2017): 267-281. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800
Szabo J, Jankowiak S, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a cross-sectional survey". Nature Microbiology 44(2020): 278-284. DOI: 10.2196/69678
Tarasov Q, Quintero T, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a methods-comparison study". Molecular Ecology 46(2023): 289-296. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454
Urbanek Z, Zielinski U, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a observational study". Scientific Reports 8(2014): 300-308. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028
Vasquez A, Alvez V, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a systematic review". Proceedings of the Royal Society B 10(2017): 311-320. DOI: 10.2196/48633
Wojcik H, Hendriksen W, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a comparative analysis". Journal of Cell Biology 12(2020): 322-332. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949
Zielinski O, Ostrowski Z, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a benchmark comparison". Trends in Cell Biology 14(2023): 333-344. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514
Andric V, Vasquez A, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a longitudinal study". Nature Biotechnology 16(2014): 344-356. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596
Balogh E, Emmerich B, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a pilot investigation". Nature 18(2017): 355-368. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086
Chiriac F, Farkas C, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a case study". Science 20(2020): 366-380. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5
Doncheva M, Marchetti D, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a meta-analysis". PNAS 22(2023): 377-383. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004
Emmerich T, Tarasov E, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a cross-sectional survey". Cell 24(2014): 388-395. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226
Foscarini C, Chiriac F, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a methods-comparison study". eLife 26(2017): 399-407. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013
Alvez D, Dumitrescu A, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a observational study". PLoS Biology 28(2020): 410-419. DOI: 10.2196/89834
Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a systematic review". Nature Communications 30(2023): 421-431. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9
Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a comparative analysis". Current Biology 32(2014): 432-443. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184
Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a benchmark comparison". Nature Ecology & Evolution 34(2017): 443-455. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15162117
Eriksdottir B, Brankovic E, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a longitudinal study". Molecular Biology and Evolution 36(2020): 454-467. DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_20_65
Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a pilot investigation". Genome Biology 38(2023): 465-479. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1763884
Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a case study". Nature Methods 40(2014): 476-482. DOI: 10.2196/48297
Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a meta-analysis". BMC Biology 42(2017): 487-494. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-025-12031-z
Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a cross-sectional survey". Journal of Experimental Biology 44(2020): 498-506. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005
Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a methods-comparison study". Ecology Letters 46(2023): 509-518. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800
Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a observational study". Conservation Biology 8(2014): 520-530. DOI: 10.2196/69678
Lindqvist U, Urbanek L, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a systematic review". Trends in Ecology & Evolution 10(2017): 531-542. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454
Marchetti D, Doncheva M, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a comparative analysis". Cell Reports 12(2020): 542-554. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028
Novotna E, Eriksdottir N, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a benchmark comparison". Nature Microbiology 14(2023): 553-566. DOI: 10.2196/48633
Ostrowski L, Lindqvist O, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a longitudinal study". Molecular Ecology 16(2014): 564-578. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949
Petrescu S, Szabo P, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a pilot investigation". Scientific Reports 18(2017): 575-581. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514
Quintero B, Balogh Q, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a case study". Proceedings of the Royal Society B 20(2020): 586-593. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596
Ristic C, Castellani R, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a meta-analysis". Journal of Cell Biology 22(2023): 597-605. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086
Szabo J, Jankowiak S, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a cross-sectional survey". Trends in Cell Biology 24(2014): 608-617. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5
Tarasov Q, Quintero T, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a methods-comparison study". Nature Biotechnology 26(2017): 619-629. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004
Urbanek Z, Zielinski U, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a observational study". Nature 28(2020): 630-641. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226
Vasquez A, Alvez V, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a systematic review". Science 30(2023): 641-653. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013
Wojcik H, Hendriksen W, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a comparative analysis". PNAS 32(2014): 652-665. DOI: 10.2196/89834
Zielinski O, Ostrowski Z, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a benchmark comparison". Cell 34(2017): 663-677. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9
Andric V, Vasquez A, et al. "Human Brain Organoids and Model Validity: a longitudinal study". eLife 36(2020): 674-680. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184
