Controlled Environment Lettuce Production: Energy Per Kilogram Against Field Baselines

Authors

  • Iakovos Kallinikou Centre for Controlled Environment Agriculture, Kokkinochoria Institute of Agro-Informatics, Paralimni, Cyprus Author
  • Janina Karpinski-Zab Department of Horticulture, Kujawy Centre for Digital Agriculture, Inowroclaw, Poland Author
  • Frida Jernberg Department of Agricultural Economics, Osterlen Institute of Agro-Informatics, Simrishamn, Sweden Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22664607

Keywords:

Controlled Environment Lettuce Production; Agro-informatics; Precision agriculture; Evidence synthesis; On-farm technology

Abstract

There is real interest in controlled environment lettuce production right now, and real uncertainty about exactly where it delivers
the most value. We pull together the current evidence for controlled environment lettuce production, covering the methodological,
practical, governance and cost angles, with an eye on where practice has genuinely settled and where farms and advisors are still
largely working it out for themselves. Selective, context-specific adoption looks better supported by the evidence gathered here
than either broad rollout or blanket avoidance.

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Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "Controlled Environment Lettuce Production: a systematic review". Agric For Meteorol 30(2023): 421-431. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5

Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "Controlled Environment Lettuce Production: a on-farm evaluation". Front Plant Sci 32(2014): 432-443. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004

Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "Controlled Environment Lettuce Production: a benchmark comparison". Sensors 34(2017): 443-455. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226

Eriksdottir B, Brankovic E, et al. "Controlled Environment Lettuce Production: a multi-season study". Smart Agric Technol 36(2020): 454-467. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013

Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "Controlled Environment Lettuce Production: a pilot deployment". J Agric Sci 38(2023): 465-479. DOI: 10.2196/89834

Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "Controlled Environment Lettuce Production: a case study". Agric Water Manag 40(2014): 476-482. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9

Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "Controlled Environment Lettuce Production: a meta-analysis". Food Policy 42(2017): 487-494. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184

Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "Controlled Environment Lettuce Production: a comparative trial". World Dev 44(2020): 498-506. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15162117

Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "Controlled Environment Lettuce Production: a farmer-survey study". PLoS One 46(2023): 509-518. DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_20_65

Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "Controlled Environment Lettuce Production: a field trial". Sci Rep 8(2014): 520-530. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1763884

Lindqvist U, Urbanek L, et al. "Controlled Environment Lettuce Production: a systematic review". Nat Food 10(2017): 531-542. DOI: 10.2196/48297

Marchetti D, Doncheva M, et al. "Controlled Environment Lettuce Production: a on-farm evaluation". Agron J 12(2020): 542-554. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-025-12031-z

Novotna E, Eriksdottir N, et al. "Controlled Environment Lettuce Production: a benchmark comparison". Crop Sci 14(2023): 553-566. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005

Ostrowski L, Lindqvist O, et al. "Controlled Environment Lettuce Production: a multi-season study". Soil Tillage Res 16(2014): 564-578. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800

Petrescu S, Szabo P, et al. "Controlled Environment Lettuce Production: a pilot deployment". Land Use Policy 18(2017): 575-581. DOI: 10.2196/69678

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Published

2023-07-10