Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: A Review of Signing, Watermarking and Chain Custody
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22676273Keywords:
Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media; Future science and technology; Evidence synthesis; Reproducibility; Research methodologyAbstract
Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media has moved quickly from a niche scientific question to something a wider community
can now investigate with reasonably reliable tools, but the evidence behind it has not always kept pace. We pull together the
current evidence for provenance standards for synthetic media, covering the methodological, practical, regulatory and cost
angles, with an eye on where practice has genuinely settled and where researchers and reviewers are still largely working it out
for themselves. Selective, context-specific pursuit looks better supported by the evidence gathered here than either broad rollout or
blanket avoidance.
References
Alvez D, Dumitrescu A, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a benchmark study". Nature 8(2014): 80-86. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800
Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a systematic review". Science 10(2017): 91-98. DOI: 10.2196/69678
Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a comparative analysis". Nature Astronomy 12(2020): 102-110. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454
Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a pilot demonstration". Nature Physics 14(2023): 113-122. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028
Eriksdottir B, Brankovic E, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a longitudinal field study". Physical Review Letters 16(2014): 124-134. DOI: 10.2196/48633
Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a feasibility study". npj Quantum Information 18(2017): 135-146. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949
Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a case study". Nature Quantum Information 20(2020): 146-158. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514
Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a meta-analysis". Nuclear Fusion 22(2023): 157-170. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596
Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a cross-platform survey". Nature Energy 24(2014): 168-182. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086
Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a methods-comparison study". Journal of Geophysical Research 26(2017): 179-185. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5
Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a benchmark study". Ocean Science 28(2020): 190-197. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004
Lindqvist U, Urbanek L, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a systematic review". Nature Climate Change 30(2023): 201-209. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226
Marchetti D, Doncheva M, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a comparative analysis". Nature Communications 32(2014): 212-221. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013
Novotna E, Eriksdottir N, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a pilot demonstration". Science Policy 34(2017): 223-233. DOI: 10.2196/89834
Ostrowski L, Lindqvist O, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a longitudinal field study". Research Policy 36(2020): 234-245. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9
Petrescu S, Szabo P, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a feasibility study". Space Policy 38(2023): 245-257. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184
Quintero B, Balogh Q, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a case study". Acta Astronautica 40(2014): 256-269. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15162117
Ristic C, Castellani R, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a meta-analysis". PNAS 42(2017): 267-281. DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_20_65
Szabo J, Jankowiak S, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a cross-platform survey". eLife 44(2020): 278-284. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1763884
Tarasov Q, Quintero T, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a methods-comparison study". Nature Biotechnology 46(2023): 289-296. DOI: 10.2196/48297
Urbanek Z, Zielinski U, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a benchmark study". Nature Neuroscience 8(2014): 300-308. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-025-12031-z
Vasquez A, Alvez V, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a systematic review". Journal of Medical Ethics 10(2017): 311-320. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005
Wojcik H, Hendriksen W, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a comparative analysis". Reviews of Modern Physics 12(2020): 322-332. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800
Zielinski O, Ostrowski Z, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a pilot demonstration". Journal of Plasma Physics 14(2023): 333-344. DOI: 10.2196/69678
Andric V, Vasquez A, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a longitudinal field study". IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering 16(2014): 344-356. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454
Balogh E, Emmerich B, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a feasibility study". Nature 18(2017): 355-368. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028
Chiriac F, Farkas C, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a case study". Science 20(2020): 366-380. DOI: 10.2196/48633
Doncheva M, Marchetti D, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a meta-analysis". Nature Astronomy 22(2023): 377-383. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949
Emmerich T, Tarasov E, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a cross-platform survey". Nature Physics 24(2014): 388-395. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514
Foscarini C, Chiriac F, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a methods-comparison study". Physical Review Letters 26(2017): 399-407. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596
Alvez D, Dumitrescu A, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a benchmark study". npj Quantum Information 28(2020): 410-419. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086
Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a systematic review". Nature Quantum Information 30(2023): 421-431. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5
Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a comparative analysis". Nuclear Fusion 32(2014): 432-443. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004
Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a pilot demonstration". Nature Energy 34(2017): 443-455. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226
Eriksdottir B, Brankovic E, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a longitudinal field study". Journal of Geophysical Research 36(2020): 454-467. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013
Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a feasibility study". Ocean Science 38(2023): 465-479. DOI: 10.2196/89834
Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a case study". Nature Climate Change 40(2014): 476-482. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9
Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a meta-analysis". Nature Communications 42(2017): 487-494. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184
Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a cross-platform survey". Science Policy 44(2020): 498-506. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15162117
Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a methods-comparison study". Research Policy 46(2023): 509-518. DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_20_65
Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a benchmark study". Space Policy 8(2014): 520-530. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1763884
Lindqvist U, Urbanek L, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a systematic review". Acta Astronautica 10(2017): 531-542. DOI: 10.2196/48297
Marchetti D, Doncheva M, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a comparative analysis". PNAS 12(2020): 542-554. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-025-12031-z
Novotna E, Eriksdottir N, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a pilot demonstration". eLife 14(2023): 553-566. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005
Ostrowski L, Lindqvist O, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a longitudinal field study". Nature Biotechnology 16(2014): 564-578. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800
Petrescu S, Szabo P, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a feasibility study". Nature Neuroscience 18(2017): 575-581. DOI: 10.2196/69678
Quintero B, Balogh Q, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a case study". Journal of Medical Ethics 20(2020): 586-593. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454
Ristic C, Castellani R, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a meta-analysis". Reviews of Modern Physics 22(2023): 597-605. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028
Szabo J, Jankowiak S, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a cross-platform survey". Journal of Plasma Physics 24(2014): 608-617. DOI: 10.2196/48633
Tarasov Q, Quintero T, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a methods-comparison study". IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering 26(2017): 619-629. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949
Urbanek Z, Zielinski U, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a benchmark study". Nature 28(2020): 630-641. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514
Vasquez A, Alvez V, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a systematic review". Science 30(2023): 641-653. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596
Wojcik H, Hendriksen W, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a comparative analysis". Nature Astronomy 32(2014): 652-665. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086
Zielinski O, Ostrowski Z, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a pilot demonstration". Nature Physics 34(2017): 663-677. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5
Andric V, Vasquez A, et al. "Provenance Standards for Synthetic Media: a longitudinal field study". Physical Review Letters 36(2020): 674-680. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004

