Ocean Observing Network Gaps: Where Sparse Sampling Dominates Uncertainty in Heat Content Estimates
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22676550Keywords:
Ocean Observing Network Gaps; Future science and technology; Evidence synthesis; Reproducibility; Research methodologyAbstract
There is real interest in ocean observing network gaps right now, and real uncertainty about exactly where it delivers the most
value. We pull together the current evidence for ocean observing network gaps, covering the methodological, practical, regulatory
and cost angles, with an eye on where practice has genuinely settled and where researchers and reviewers are still largely
working it out for themselves. Selective, context-specific pursuit looks better supported by the evidence gathered here than either
broad rollout or blanket avoidance
References
Alvez D, Dumitrescu A, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a benchmark study". Nature 8(2014): 80-86. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596
Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a systematic review". Science 10(2017): 91-98. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086
Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a comparative analysis". Nature Astronomy 12(2020): 102-110. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5
Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a pilot demonstration". Nature Physics 14(2023): 113-122. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004
Eriksdottir B, Brankovic E, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a longitudinal field study". Physical Review Letters 16(2014): 124-134. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226
Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a feasibility study". npj Quantum Information 18(2017): 135-146. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013
Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a case study". Nature Quantum Information 20(2020): 146-158. DOI: 10.2196/89834
Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a meta-analysis". Nuclear Fusion 22(2023): 157-170. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9
Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a cross-platform survey". Nature Energy 24(2014): 168-182. DOI:
3389/fdgth.2026.1896184 10. Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a methods-comparison study". Journal of Geophysical Research 26(2017): 179-185. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15162117
Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a benchmark study". Ocean Science 28(2020): 190-197. DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_20_65
Lindqvist U, Urbanek L, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a systematic review". Nature Climate Change 30(2023): 201-209. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1763884
Marchetti D, Doncheva M, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a comparative analysis". Nature Communications 32(2014): 212-221. DOI: 10.2196/48297
Novotna E, Eriksdottir N, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a pilot demonstration". Science Policy 34(2017): 223-233. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-025-12031-z
Ostrowski L, Lindqvist O, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a longitudinal field study". Research Policy 36(2020): 234-245. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005
Petrescu S, Szabo P, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a feasibility study". Space Policy 38(2023): 245-257. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800
Quintero B, Balogh Q, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a case study". Acta Astronautica 40(2014): 256-269. DOI: 10.2196/69678
Ristic C, Castellani R, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a meta-analysis". PNAS 42(2017): 267-281. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454
Szabo J, Jankowiak S, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a cross-platform survey". eLife 44(2020): 278-284. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028
Tarasov Q, Quintero T, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a methods-comparison study". Nature Biotechnology 46(2023): 289-296. DOI: 10.2196/48633
Urbanek Z, Zielinski U, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a benchmark study". Nature Neuroscience 8(2014): 300-308. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949
Vasquez A, Alvez V, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a systematic review". Journal of Medical Ethics 10(2017): 311-320. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514
Wojcik H, Hendriksen W, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a comparative analysis". Reviews of Modern Physics 12(2020): 322-332. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596
Zielinski O, Ostrowski Z, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a pilot demonstration". Journal of Plasma Physics 14(2023): 333-344. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086
Andric V, Vasquez A, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a longitudinal field study". IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering 16(2014): 344-356. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5
Balogh E, Emmerich B, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a feasibility study". Nature 18(2017): 355-368. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004
Chiriac F, Farkas C, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a case study". Science 20(2020): 366-380. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226
Doncheva M, Marchetti D, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a meta-analysis". Nature Astronomy 22(2023): 377-383. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013
Emmerich T, Tarasov E, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a cross-platform survey". Nature Physics 24(2014): 388-395. DOI: 10.2196/89834
Foscarini C, Chiriac F, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a methods-comparison study". Physical Review Letters 26(2017): 399-407. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9
Alvez D, Dumitrescu A, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a benchmark study". npj Quantum Information 28(2020): 410-419. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184
Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a systematic review". Nature Quantum Information 30(2023): 421-431. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15162117
Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a comparative analysis". Nuclear Fusion 32(2014): 432-443. DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_20_65
Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a pilot demonstration". Nature Energy 34(2017): 443-455. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1763884
Eriksdottir B, Brankovic E, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a longitudinal field study". Journal of Geophysical Research 36(2020): 454-467. DOI: 10.2196/48297
Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a feasibility study". Ocean Science 38(2023): 465-479. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-025-12031-z
Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a case study". Nature Climate Change 40(2014): 476-482. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005
Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a meta-analysis". Nature Communications 42(2017): 487-494. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800
Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a cross-platform survey". Science Policy 44(2020): 498-506. DOI: 10.2196/69678
Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a methods-comparison study". Research Policy 46(2023): 509-518. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454
Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a benchmark study". Space Policy 8(2014): 520-530. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028
Lindqvist U, Urbanek L, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a systematic review". Acta Astronautica 10(2017): 531-542. DOI: 10.2196/48633
Marchetti D, Doncheva M, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a comparative analysis". PNAS 12(2020): 542-554. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949
Novotna E, Eriksdottir N, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a pilot demonstration". eLife 14(2023): 553-566. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514
Ostrowski L, Lindqvist O, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a longitudinal field study". Nature Biotechnology 16(2014): 564-578. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596
Petrescu S, Szabo P, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a feasibility study". Nature Neuroscience 18(2017): 575-581. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086
Quintero B, Balogh Q, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a case study". Journal of Medical Ethics 20(2020): 586-593. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5
Ristic C, Castellani R, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a meta-analysis". Reviews of Modern Physics 22(2023): 597-605. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004
Szabo J, Jankowiak S, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a cross-platform survey". Journal of Plasma Physics 24(2014): 608-617. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226
Tarasov Q, Quintero T, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a methods-comparison study". IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering 26(2017): 619-629. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013
Urbanek Z, Zielinski U, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a benchmark study". Nature 28(2020): 630-641. DOI: 10.2196/89834
Vasquez A, Alvez V, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a systematic review". Science 30(2023): 641-653. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9
Wojcik H, Hendriksen W, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a comparative analysis". Nature Astronomy 32(2014): 652-665. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184
Zielinski O, Ostrowski Z, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a pilot demonstration". Nature Physics 34(2017): 663-677. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15162117
Andric V, Vasquez A, et al. "Ocean Observing Network Gaps: a longitudinal field study". Physical Review Letters 36(2020): 674-680. DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_20_65

