A Study of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) Changes in Hypertension

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS) changes in Hypertension. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of General Medicine, Sharda hospital and Central Research Lab of SMS & R, Sharda University, Greater Noida during the period 2022-2024 after obtaining clearance from Institutional Ethics Committee. 75 hypertensive patients (both male and female) diagnosed according to the ISH 2020 criteria aged 35-70 years were recruited for the present study. Investigations included serum renin, ACE-II, aldosterone, cortisol, IL-6 and TNF-α through ELISA technique.
Results: Most common age group of presentation was 50-60 years. There were 52 non- smokers (69.3%) and 23 smokers (30.7%). The mean ACE-II levels observed in this study were 4.72 ± 9.98 at the first visit and 8.48 ± 5.85 at the second visit. A significant difference was found in all the values with statistical significance. The diagnostic accuracy of ACE-II is 55.17% with a confidence interval of (0.39, 0.72).
Conclusion: This study discovered that there is a significant increase in levels of all the components of RAAS and also in the proinflammatory markers in the patients of Hypertension. This study revealed the a statistically significant correlation was established in the values of Renin, Aldosterone, ACE-II, Cortisol, IL-6 and TNF-α. It was established from this study that RAAS affects both diagnosis and prognosis of Hypertension. This study also found a correlation between proinflammatory markers like IL-6 an TNF-α with RAAS. Hypertensive patients should be regularly monitored for changes in components of RAAS and should be advised adequate diet and lifestyle modification.