Closed-Loop Auditory Stimulation During Sleep: A Pilot Study of Slow Oscillation Enhancement

Authors

  • Florina Chirita Centre for Sleep Research, Tecuci Centre for Brain and Behaviour, Tecuci, Romania Author
  • Franja-M Simcic Department of Sensory Neuroscience, Savinjska Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Zalec, Slovenia Author
  • Frøydis-M Hoiland Centre for Brain Stimulation, Hardanger Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Odda, Norway Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22680835

Keywords:

Closed-Loop Auditory Stimulation During Sleep; Cognitive neuroscience; Neurofeedback; Evidence synthesis; Research methodology

Abstract

Closed-Loop Auditory Stimulation During Sleep has moved quickly from a niche scientific question to something a wider
community can now investigate with reasonably reliable tools, but the evidence behind it has not always kept pace. We pull
together the current evidence for closed-loop auditory stimulation during sleep, covering the methodological, practical, regulatory
and cost angles, with an eye on where practice has genuinely settled and where researchers and reviewers are still largely
working it out for themselves. Selective, context-specific pursuit looks better supported by the evidence gathered here than either
broad rollout or blanket avoidance

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Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "Closed-Loop Auditory Stimulation During Sleep: a systematic review". Biological Psychiatry 30(2023): 421-431. DOI: 10.2196/48297

Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "Closed-Loop Auditory Stimulation During Sleep: a comparative analysis". Cerebral Cortex 32(2014): 432-443. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-025-12031-z

Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "Closed-Loop Auditory Stimulation During Sleep: a pilot demonstration". Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience 34(2017): 443-455. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005

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Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "Closed-Loop Auditory Stimulation During Sleep: a feasibility study". PNAS 38(2023): 465-479. DOI: 10.2196/69678

Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "Closed-Loop Auditory Stimulation During Sleep: a case study". Nature Communications 40(2014): 476-482. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454

Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "Closed-Loop Auditory Stimulation During Sleep: a meta-analysis". Nature Human Behaviour 42(2017): 487-494. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028

Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "Closed-Loop Auditory Stimulation During Sleep: a cross-platform survey". Cortex 44(2020): 498-506. DOI: 10.2196/48633

Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "Closed-Loop Auditory Stimulation During Sleep: a methods-comparison study". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 46(2023): 509-518. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949

Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "Closed-Loop Auditory Stimulation During Sleep: a benchmark study". Psychological Science 8(2014): 520-530. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514

Lindqvist U, Urbanek L, et al. "Closed-Loop Auditory Stimulation During Sleep: a systematic review". Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10(2017): 531-542. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596

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Published

2024-10-30