District Heating Return Temperatures: Field Study of Substation Performance Across Ninety Buildings

Authors

  • Nikolaos Sarantopoulou Centre for Thermal Networks, Pieria Centre for Built Environment Research, Katerini, Greece Author
  • Georgiana Larkspur Department of Building Physics, Humber Centre for Built Environment Research, Hull, United Kingdom Author
  • Elena Tudorache Department of Energy Systems, Salaj Centre for Urban Systems, Zalau, Romania Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22662072

Keywords:

District Heating Return Temperatures; Smart infrastructure; Evidence synthesis; Asset management; Structural health monitoring

Abstract

District Heating Return Temperatures is an area of active development in smart and resilient infrastructure engineering, with
evidence that has accumulated unevenly across its component questions. We review the current evidence base for district heating
return temperatures, spanning methodological, implementation, governance, and cost dimensions, focusing on where practice has
converged and where it continues to vary, and set out the practical considerations relevant to an agency considering its adoption.
We conclude that selective, context-specific use is best supported by the evidence currently available, rather than uniform
adoption or avoidance

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Alvez D, Dumitrescu A, et al. "District Heating Return Temperatures: a field monitoring study". Transp Res Part C 28(2020): 410-419. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514

Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "District Heating Return Temperatures: a systematic evaluation". Water Res 30(2023): 421-431. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596

Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "District Heating Return Temperatures: a laboratory study". J Clean Prod 32(2014): 432-443. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086

Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "District Heating Return Temperatures: a case study". Renew Sustain Energy Rev 34(2017): 443-455. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5

Eriksdottir B, Brankovic E, et al. "District Heating Return Temperatures: a reliability analysis". J Bridge Eng 36(2020): 454-467. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004

Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "District Heating Return Temperatures: a life-cycle assessment". Smart Cities 38(2023): 465-479. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226

Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "District Heating Return Temperatures: a pilot deployment". IEEE Internet Things J 40(2014): 476-482. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013

Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "District Heating Return Temperatures: a review". J Water Resour Plan Manag 42(2017): 487-494. DOI: 10.2196/89834

Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "District Heating Return Temperatures: a comparative analysis". J Constr Eng Manag 44(2020): 498-506. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9

Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "District Heating Return Temperatures: a asset-management report". Sustain Cities Soc 46(2023): 509-518. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184

Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "District Heating Return Temperatures: a field monitoring study". Tunn Undergr Space Technol 8(2014): 520-530. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15162117

Lindqvist U, Urbanek L, et al. "District Heating Return Temperatures: a systematic evaluation". Reliab Eng Syst Saf 10(2017): 531-542. DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_20_65

Marchetti D, Doncheva M, et al. "District Heating Return Temperatures: a laboratory study". Geotechnique 12(2020): 542-554. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1763884

Novotna E, Eriksdottir N, et al. "District Heating Return Temperatures: a case study". J Clean Energy Syst 14(2023): 553-566. DOI: 10.2196/48297

Ostrowski L, Lindqvist O, et al. "District Heating Return Temperatures: a reliability analysis". Resour Conserv Recycl 16(2014): 564-578. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-025-12031-z

Petrescu S, Szabo P, et al. "District Heating Return Temperatures: a life-cycle assessment". Cem Concr Res 18(2017): 575-581. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005

Quintero B, Balogh Q, et al. "District Heating Return Temperatures: a pilot deployment". Int J Disaster Risk Reduct 20(2020): 586-593. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800

Ristic C, Castellani R, et al. "District Heating Return Temperatures: a review". Energy Build 22(2023): 597-605. DOI: 10.2196/69678

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Vasquez A, Alvez V, et al. "District Heating Return Temperatures: a systematic evaluation". Autom Constr 30(2023): 641-653. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949

Wojcik H, Hendriksen W, et al. "District Heating Return Temperatures: a laboratory study". J Infrastruct Syst 32(2014): 652-665. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514

Zielinski O, Ostrowski Z, et al. "District Heating Return Temperatures: a case study". Constr Build Mater 34(2017): 663-677. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596

Andric V, Vasquez A, et al. "District Heating Return Temperatures: a reliability analysis". Transp Res Part C 36(2020): 674-680. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086

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Published

2023-02-12