Cyber-Physical Testbeds for Substation Protection: A Technical Note on Fault Injection Scenarios

Authors

  • Renate Sommerfeldt Department of Information Security, Havelland Centre for Built Environment Research, Rathenow, Germany Author
  • Aleida Duyvendak Department of Energy Systems, Zaanstreek Centre for Urban Systems, Zaandam, Netherlands Author
  • Velta Kaugurs Department of Instrumentation, Augszeme Centre for Urban Systems, Ilukste, Latvia Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22662546

Keywords:

Cyber-Physical Testbeds for Substation Protection; Smart infrastructure; Evidence synthesis; Asset management; Structural health monitoring

Abstract

Cyber-Physical Testbeds for Substation Protection is an area of active development in smart and resilient infrastructure
engineering, with evidence that has accumulated unevenly across its component questions. We review the current evidence base
for cyber-physical testbeds for substation protection, spanning methodological, implementation, governance, and cost dimensions,
focusing on where practice has converged and where it continues to vary, and set out the practical considerations relevant to an
agency considering its adoption. We conclude that selective, context-specific use is best supported by the evidence currently
available, rather than uniform adoption or avoidance

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Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "Cyber-Physical Testbeds for Substation Protection: a systematic evaluation". Water Res 30(2023): 421-431. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004

Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "Cyber-Physical Testbeds for Substation Protection: a laboratory study". J Clean Prod 32(2014): 432-443. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226

Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "Cyber-Physical Testbeds for Substation Protection: a case study". Renew Sustain Energy Rev 34(2017): 443-455. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013

Eriksdottir B, Brankovic E, et al. "Cyber-Physical Testbeds for Substation Protection: a reliability analysis". J Bridge Eng 36(2020): 454-467. DOI: 10.2196/89834

Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "Cyber-Physical Testbeds for Substation Protection: a life-cycle assessment". Smart Cities 38(2023): 465-479. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9

Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "Cyber-Physical Testbeds for Substation Protection: a pilot deployment". IEEE Internet Things J 40(2014): 476-482. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184

Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "Cyber-Physical Testbeds for Substation Protection: a review". J Water Resour Plan Manag 42(2017): 487-494. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15162117

Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "Cyber-Physical Testbeds for Substation Protection: a comparative analysis". J Constr Eng Manag 44(2020): 498-506. DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_20_65

Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "Cyber-Physical Testbeds for Substation Protection: a asset-management report". Sustain Cities Soc 46(2023): 509-518. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1763884

Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "Cyber-Physical Testbeds for Substation Protection: a field monitoring study". Tunn Undergr Space Technol 8(2014): 520-530. DOI: 10.2196/48297

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Published

2026-06-30