Synthetic Promoters for Tissue-Specific Expression in Crops: A Review of Design and Field Stability

Abstract

There is real interest in synthetic promoters for tissue-specific expression in crops right now, and real uncertainty about exactly
where it delivers the most value. We pull together the current evidence for synthetic promoters for tissue-specific expression in
crops, covering the methodological, practical, regulatory and cost angles, with an eye on where practice has genuinely settled and
where researchers and regulators are still largely working it out for themselves. Selective, context-specific adoption looks better
supported by the evidence gathered here than either broad rollout or blanket avoidance.