Teacher Professional Development at Scale: A Case Study of a National Online Programme

Authors

  • Alain Modert Department of Teacher Education, Clervaux Institute of Learning Technologies, Clervaux, Luxembourg Author
  • Jan-Olof Bergendal Department of Teacher Education, Gastrikland Centre for Digital Education, Sandviken, Sweden Author
  • Agoston Adorjan Centre for Education Policy, Duna-Tisza Institute of Learning Technologies, Cegled, Hungary Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22694110

Keywords:

Teacher Professional Development at Scale; Educational technology; E-learning; Evidence synthesis; Research methodology

Abstract

Teacher Professional Development at Scale has moved quickly from a niche scientific question to something a wider community
can now investigate with reasonably reliable tools, but the evidence behind it has not always kept pace. We pull together the
current evidence for teacher professional development at scale, covering the methodological, practical, regulatory and cost
angles, with an eye on where practice has genuinely settled and where researchers and reviewers are still largely working it out
for themselves. Selective, context-specific pursuit looks better supported by the evidence gathered here than either broad rollout or
blanket avoidance.

References

Alvez D, Dumitrescu A, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a benchmark study". British Journal of Educational Technology 8(2014): 80-86. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454

Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a systematic review". Computers & Education 10(2017): 91-98. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028

Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a comparative analysis". Journal of Learning Analytics 12(2020): 102-110. DOI: 10.2196/48633

Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a pilot demonstration". Educational Technology Research and Development 14(2023): 113-122. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949

Eriksdottir B, Brankovic E, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a longitudinal field study". The Internet and Higher Education 16(2014): 124-134. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514

Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a feasibility study". Computers in Human Behavior 18(2017): 135-146. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596

Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a case study". Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 20(2020): 146-158. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086

Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a meta-analysis". Distance Education 22(2023): 157-170. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5

Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a cross-platform survey". Journal of Educational Psychology 24(2014): 168-182. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004

Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a methods-comparison study". Instructional Science 26(2017): 179-185. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226

Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a benchmark study". Educational Technology & Society 28(2020): 190-197. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013

Lindqvist U, Urbanek L, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a systematic review". International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 30(2023): 201-209. DOI: 10.2196/89834

Marchetti D, Doncheva M, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a comparative analysis". Learning, Media and Technology 32(2014): 212-221. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9

Novotna E, Eriksdottir N, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a pilot demonstration". Journal of Research on Technology in Education 34(2017): 223-233. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184

Ostrowski L, Lindqvist O, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a longitudinal field study". American Educational Research Journal 36(2020): 234-245. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15162117

Petrescu S, Szabo P, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a feasibility study". Review of Educational Research 38(2023): 245-257. DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_20_65

Quintero B, Balogh Q, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a case study". Computers & Education: Artificial Intelligence 40(2014): 256-269. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1763884

Ristic C, Castellani R, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a meta-analysis". Journal of Educational Computing Research 42(2017): 267-281. DOI: 10.2196/48297

Szabo J, Jankowiak S, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a cross-platform survey". Interactive Learning Environments 44(2020): 278-284. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-025-12031-z

Tarasov Q, Quintero T, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a methods-comparison study". Education and Information Technologies 46(2023): 289-296. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005

Urbanek Z, Zielinski U, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a benchmark study". The Journal of Higher Education 8(2014): 300-308. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800

Vasquez A, Alvez V, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a systematic review". Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 10(2017): 311-320. DOI: 10.2196/69678

Wojcik H, Hendriksen W, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a comparative analysis". TechTrends 12(2020): 322-332. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454

Zielinski O, Ostrowski Z, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a pilot demonstration". Journal of Science Education and Technology 14(2023): 333-344. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028

Andric V, Vasquez A, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a longitudinal field study". International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education 16(2014): 344-356. DOI: 10.2196/48633

Balogh E, Emmerich B, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a feasibility study". British Journal of Educational Technology 18(2017): 355-368. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949

Chiriac F, Farkas C, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a case study". Computers & Education 20(2020): 366-380. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514

Doncheva M, Marchetti D, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a meta-analysis". Journal of Learning Analytics 22(2023): 377-383. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596

Emmerich T, Tarasov E, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a cross-platform survey". Educational Technology Research and Development 24(2014): 388-395. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086

Foscarini C, Chiriac F, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a methods-comparison study". The Internet and Higher Education 26(2017): 399-407. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5

Alvez D, Dumitrescu A, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a benchmark study". Computers in Human Behavior 28(2020): 410-419. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004

Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a systematic review". Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 30(2023): 421-431. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226

Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a comparative analysis". Distance Education 32(2014): 432-443. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013

Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a pilot demonstration". Journal of Educational Psychology 34(2017): 443-455. DOI: 10.2196/89834

Eriksdottir B, Brankovic E, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a longitudinal field study". Instructional Science 36(2020): 454-467. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9

Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a feasibility study". Educational Technology & Society 38(2023): 465-479. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184

Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a case study". International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 40(2014): 476-482. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15162117

Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a meta-analysis". Learning, Media and Technology 42(2017): 487-494. DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_20_65

Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a cross-platform survey". Journal of Research on Technology in Education 44(2020): 498-506. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1763884

Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a methods-comparison study". American Educational Research Journal 46(2023): 509-518. DOI: 10.2196/48297

Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a benchmark study". Review of Educational Research 8(2014): 520-530. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-025-12031-z

Lindqvist U, Urbanek L, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a systematic review". Computers & Education: Artificial Intelligence 10(2017): 531-542. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005

Marchetti D, Doncheva M, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a comparative analysis". Journal of Educational Computing Research 12(2020): 542-554. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800

Novotna E, Eriksdottir N, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a pilot demonstration". Interactive Learning Environments 14(2023): 553-566. DOI: 10.2196/69678

Ostrowski L, Lindqvist O, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a longitudinal field study". Education and Information Technologies 16(2014): 564-578. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454

Petrescu S, Szabo P, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a feasibility study". The Journal of Higher Education 18(2017): 575-581. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028

Quintero B, Balogh Q, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a case study". Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 20(2020): 586-593. DOI: 10.2196/48633

Ristic C, Castellani R, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a meta-analysis". TechTrends 22(2023): 597-605. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949

Szabo J, Jankowiak S, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a cross-platform survey". Journal of Science Education and Technology 24(2014): 608-617. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514

Tarasov Q, Quintero T, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a methods-comparison study". International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education 26(2017): 619-629. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596

Urbanek Z, Zielinski U, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a benchmark study". British Journal of Educational Technology 28(2020): 630-641. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086

Vasquez A, Alvez V, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a systematic review". Computers & Education 30(2023): 641-653. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5

Wojcik H, Hendriksen W, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a comparative analysis". Journal of Learning Analytics 32(2014): 652-665. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004

Zielinski O, Ostrowski Z, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a pilot demonstration". Educational Technology Research and Development 34(2017): 663-677. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226

Andric V, Vasquez A, et al. "Teacher Professional Development at Scale: a longitudinal field study". The Internet and Higher Education 36(2020): 674-680. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013

Downloads

Published

2023-06-14

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): vol 2 issue 1 2023

Section

Articles

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.