Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: Quality Against Marker Feedback

Authors

  • Dirkje-M Aalfs Centre for Learning Analytics, Land van Heusden Centre for Digital Education, Waalwijk, Netherlands Author
  • Dionigi Fioravanti Department of Assessment and Measurement, Pusteria Laboratory for Learning Sciences, Brunico, Italy Author
  • Gintaras-Jonas Ivaskeviciute Centre for Higher Education Studies, Sirvintos Institute of Learning Technologies, Sirvintos, Lithuania Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22694844

Keywords:

Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts; Educational technology; E-learning; Evidence synthesis; Research methodology

Abstract

Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts has moved quickly from a niche scientific question to something a wider
community can now investigate with reasonably reliable tools, but the evidence behind it has not always kept pace. We pull
together the current evidence for generative feedback at scale in large cohorts, covering the methodological, practical, regulatory
and cost angles, with an eye on where practice has genuinely settled and where researchers and reviewers are still largely
working it out for themselves. Selective, context-specific pursuit looks better supported by the evidence gathered here than either
broad rollout or blanket avoidance.

References

Alvez D, Dumitrescu A, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a benchmark study". British Journal of Educational Technology 8(2014): 80-86. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1763884

Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a systematic review". Computers & Education 10(2017): 91-98. DOI: 10.2196/48297

Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a comparative analysis". Journal of Learning Analytics 12(2020): 102-110. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-025-12031-z

Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a pilot demonstration". Educational Technology Research and Development 14(2023): 113-122. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005

Eriksdottir B, Brankovic E, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a longitudinal field study". The Internet and Higher Education 16(2014): 124-134. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800

Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a feasibility study". Computers in Human Behavior 18(2017): 135-146. DOI: 10.2196/69678

Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a case study". Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 20(2020): 146-158. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454

Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a meta-analysis". Distance Education 22(2023): 157-170. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028

Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a cross-platform survey". Journal of Educational Psychology 24(2014): 168-182. DOI: 10.2196/48633

Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a methods-comparison study". Instructional Science 26(2017): 179-185. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949

Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a benchmark study". Educational Technology & Society 28(2020): 190-197. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514

Lindqvist U, Urbanek L, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a systematic review". International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 30(2023): 201-209. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596

Marchetti D, Doncheva M, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a comparative analysis". Learning, Media and Technology 32(2014): 212-221. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086

Novotna E, Eriksdottir N, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a pilot demonstration". Journal of Research on Technology in Education 34(2017): 223-233. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5 7

Ostrowski L, Lindqvist O, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a longitudinal field study". American Educational Research Journal 36(2020): 234-245. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004

Petrescu S, Szabo P, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a feasibility study". Review of Educational Research 38(2023): 245-257. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226

Quintero B, Balogh Q, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a case study". Computers & Education: Artificial Intelligence 40(2014): 256-269. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013

Ristic C, Castellani R, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a meta-analysis". Journal of Educational Computing Research 42(2017): 267-281. DOI: 10.2196/89834

Szabo J, Jankowiak S, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a cross-platform survey". Interactive Learning Environments 44(2020): 278-284. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9

Tarasov Q, Quintero T, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a methods-comparison study". Education and Information Technologies 46(2023): 289-296. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184

Urbanek Z, Zielinski U, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a benchmark study". The Journal of Higher Education 8(2014): 300-308. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15162117

Vasquez A, Alvez V, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a systematic review". Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 10(2017): 311-320. DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_20_65

Wojcik H, Hendriksen W, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a comparative analysis". TechTrends 12(2020): 322-332. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1763884

Zielinski O, Ostrowski Z, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a pilot demonstration". Journal of Science Education and Technology 14(2023): 333-344. DOI: 10.2196/48297

Andric V, Vasquez A, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a longitudinal field study". International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education 16(2014): 344-356. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-025-12031-z

Balogh E, Emmerich B, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a feasibility study". British Journal of Educational Technology 18(2017): 355-368. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005

Chiriac F, Farkas C, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a case study". Computers & Education 20(2020): 366-380. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800

Doncheva M, Marchetti D, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a meta-analysis". Journal of Learning Analytics 22(2023): 377-383. DOI: 10.2196/69678

Emmerich T, Tarasov E, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a cross-platform survey". Educational Technology Research and Development 24(2014): 388-395. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454

Foscarini C, Chiriac F, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a methods-comparison study". The Internet and Higher Education 26(2017): 399-407. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028

Alvez D, Dumitrescu A, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a benchmark study". Computers in Human Behavior 28(2020): 410-419. DOI: 10.2196/48633

Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a systematic review". Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 30(2023): 421-431. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949

Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a comparative analysis". Distance Education 32(2014): 432-443. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514

Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a pilot demonstration". Journal of Educational Psychology 34(2017): 443-455. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596

Eriksdottir B, Brankovic E, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a longitudinal field study". Instructional Science 36(2020): 454-467. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086

Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a feasibility study". Educational Technology & Society 38(2023): 465-479. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5

Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a case study". International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 40(2014): 476-482. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004

Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a meta-analysis". Learning, Media and Technology 42(2017): 487-494. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226

Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a cross-platform survey". Journal of Research on Technology in Education 44(2020): 498-506. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013

Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a methods-comparison study". American Educational Research Journal 46(2023): 509-518. DOI: 10.2196/89834

Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a benchmark study". Review of Educational Research 8(2014): 520-530. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9

Lindqvist U, Urbanek L, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a systematic review". Computers & Education: Artificial Intelligence 10(2017): 531-542. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184

Marchetti D, Doncheva M, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a comparative analysis". Journal of Educational Computing Research 12(2020): 542-554. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15162117

Novotna E, Eriksdottir N, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a pilot demonstration". Interactive Learning Environments 14(2023): 553-566. DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_20_65

Ostrowski L, Lindqvist O, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a longitudinal field study". Education and Information Technologies 16(2014): 564-578. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1763884

Petrescu S, Szabo P, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a feasibility study". The Journal of Higher Education 18(2017): 575-581. DOI: 10.2196/48297

Quintero B, Balogh Q, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a case study". Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 20(2020): 586-593. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-025-12031-z

Ristic C, Castellani R, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a meta-analysis". TechTrends 22(2023): 597-605. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005

Szabo J, Jankowiak S, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a cross-platform survey". Journal of Science Education and Technology 24(2014): 608-617. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800

Tarasov Q, Quintero T, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a methods-comparison study". International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education 26(2017): 619-629. DOI: 10.2196/69678

Urbanek Z, Zielinski U, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a benchmark study". British Journal of Educational Technology 28(2020): 630-641. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454

Vasquez A, Alvez V, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a systematic review". Computers & Education 30(2023): 641-653. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028

Wojcik H, Hendriksen W, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a comparative analysis". Journal of Learning Analytics 32(2014): 652-665. DOI: 10.2196/48633

Zielinski O, Ostrowski Z, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a pilot demonstration". Educational Technology Research and Development 34(2017): 663-677. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949

Andric V, Vasquez A, et al. "Generative Feedback at Scale in Large Cohorts: a longitudinal field study". The Internet and Higher Education 36(2020): 674-680. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514

Downloads

Published

2026-01-01