Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: A Systematic Review of Effect Sizes

Authors

  • Christos-Dim Vlahos Department of Educational Technology, Evrytania Institute of Learning Technologies, Karpenisi, Greece Author
  • Jantien Jaarsma Department of Secondary Education, Land van Heusden Centre for Digital Education, Waalwijk, Netherlands Author
  • Dagny-Britta Cederborg Centre for Evidence Synthesis, Gastrikland Centre for Digital Education, Sandviken, Sweden Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22693994

Keywords:

Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics; Educational technology; E-learning; Evidence synthesis; Research methodology

Abstract

There is real interest in intelligent tutoring systems in secondary mathematics right now, and real uncertainty about exactly where
it delivers the most value. We pull together the current evidence for intelligent tutoring systems in secondary mathematics,
covering the methodological, practical, regulatory and cost angles, with an eye on where practice has genuinely settled and where
researchers and reviewers are still largely working it out for themselves. Selective, context-specific pursuit looks better supported
by the evidence gathered here than either broad rollout or blanket avoidance.

References

Alvez D, Dumitrescu A, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a benchmark study". British Journal of Educational Technology 8(2014): 80-86. DOI: 10.2196/48297

Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a systematic review". Computers & Education 10(2017): 91-98. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-025-12031-z

Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a comparative analysis". Journal of Learning Analytics 12(2020): 102-110. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005

Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a pilot demonstration". Educational Technology Research and Development 14(2023): 113-122. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800

Eriksdottir B, Brankovic E, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a longitudinal field study". The Internet and Higher Education 16(2014): 124-134. DOI: 10.2196/69678

Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a feasibility study". Computers in Human Behavior 18(2017): 135-146. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454

Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a case study". Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 20(2020): 146-158. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028

Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a meta-analysis". Distance Education 22(2023): 157-170. DOI: 10.2196/48633

Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a cross-platform survey". Journal of Educational Psychology 24(2014): 168-182. DOI:

1371/journal.pone.0305949 10. Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a methods-comparison study". Instructional Science 26(2017): 179-185. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514

Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a benchmark study". Educational Technology & Society 28(2020): 190-197. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596

Lindqvist U, Urbanek L, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a systematic review". International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 30(2023): 201-209. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086

Marchetti D, Doncheva M, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a comparative analysis". Learning, Media and Technology 32(2014): 212-221. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5

Novotna E, Eriksdottir N, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a pilot demonstration". Journal of Research on Technology in Education 34(2017): 223-233. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004

Ostrowski L, Lindqvist O, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a longitudinal field study". American Educational Research Journal 36(2020): 234-245. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226

Petrescu S, Szabo P, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a feasibility study". Review of Educational Research 38(2023): 245-257. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013

Quintero B, Balogh Q, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a case study". Computers & Education: Artificial Intelligence 40(2014): 256-269. DOI: 10.2196/89834

Ristic C, Castellani R, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a meta-analysis". Journal of Educational Computing Research 42(2017): 267-281. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9

Szabo J, Jankowiak S, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a cross-platform survey". Interactive Learning Environments 44(2020): 278-284. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184

Tarasov Q, Quintero T, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a methods-comparison study". Education and Information Technologies 46(2023): 289-296. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15162117

Urbanek Z, Zielinski U, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a benchmark study". The Journal of Higher Education 8(2014): 300-308. DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_20_65

Vasquez A, Alvez V, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a systematic review". Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 10(2017): 311-320. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1763884

Wojcik H, Hendriksen W, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a comparative analysis". TechTrends 12(2020): 322-332. DOI: 10.2196/48297

Zielinski O, Ostrowski Z, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a pilot demonstration". Journal of Science Education and Technology 14(2023): 333-344. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-025-12031-z

Andric V, Vasquez A, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a longitudinal field study". International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education 16(2014): 344-356. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005

Balogh E, Emmerich B, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a feasibility study". British Journal of Educational Technology 18(2017): 355-368. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800

Chiriac F, Farkas C, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a case study". Computers & Education 20(2020): 366-380. DOI: 10.2196/69678

Doncheva M, Marchetti D, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a meta-analysis". Journal of Learning Analytics 22(2023): 377-383. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454

Emmerich T, Tarasov E, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a cross-platform survey". Educational Technology Research and Development 24(2014): 388-395. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028

Foscarini C, Chiriac F, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a methods-comparison study". The Internet and Higher Education 26(2017): 399-407. DOI: 10.2196/48633

Alvez D, Dumitrescu A, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a benchmark study". Computers in Human Behavior 28(2020): 410-419. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949

Brankovic K, Kowalczyk B, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a systematic review". Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 30(2023): 421-431. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514

Castellani R, Ristic C, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a comparative analysis". Distance Education 32(2014): 432-443. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596

Dumitrescu A, Andric D, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a pilot demonstration". Journal of Educational Psychology 34(2017): 443-455. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104086

Eriksdottir B, Brankovic E, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a longitudinal field study". Instructional Science 36(2020): 454-467. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00852-5

Farkas I, Ionescu F, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a feasibility study". Educational Technology & Society 38(2023): 465-479. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.004

Grabowski P, Petrescu G, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a case study". International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 40(2014): 476-482. DOI: 10.1177/08404704241291226

Hendriksen W, Wojcik H, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a meta-analysis". Learning, Media and Technology 42(2017): 487-494. DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwad013

Ionescu F, Foscarini I, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a cross-platform survey". Journal of Research on Technology in Education 44(2020): 498-506. DOI: 10.2196/89834

Jankowiak G, Grabowski J, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a methods-comparison study". American Educational Research Journal 46(2023): 509-518. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02104-9

Kowalczyk N, Novotna K, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a benchmark study". Review of Educational Research 8(2014): 520-530. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1896184

Lindqvist U, Urbanek L, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a systematic review". Computers & Education: Artificial Intelligence 10(2017): 531-542. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15162117

Marchetti D, Doncheva M, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a comparative analysis". Journal of Educational Computing Research 12(2020): 542-554. DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_20_65

Novotna E, Eriksdottir N, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a pilot demonstration". Interactive Learning Environments 14(2023): 553-566. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1763884

Ostrowski L, Lindqvist O, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a longitudinal field study". Education and Information Technologies 16(2014): 564-578. DOI: 10.2196/48297

Petrescu S, Szabo P, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a feasibility study". The Journal of Higher Education 18(2017): 575-581. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-025-12031-z

Quintero B, Balogh Q, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a case study". Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 20(2020): 586-593. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1699005

Ristic C, Castellani R, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a meta-analysis". TechTrends 22(2023): 597-605. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1834800

Szabo J, Jankowiak S, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a cross-platform survey". Journal of Science Education and Technology 24(2014): 608-617. DOI: 10.2196/69678

Tarasov Q, Quintero T, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a methods-comparison study". International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education 26(2017): 619-629. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454

Urbanek Z, Zielinski U, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a benchmark study". British Journal of Educational Technology 28(2020): 630-641. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107028

Vasquez A, Alvez V, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a systematic review". Computers & Education 30(2023): 641-653. DOI: 10.2196/48633

Wojcik H, Hendriksen W, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a comparative analysis". Journal of Learning Analytics 32(2014): 652-665. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305949

Zielinski O, Ostrowski Z, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a pilot demonstration". Educational Technology Research and Development 34(2017): 663-677. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000514

Andric V, Vasquez A, et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Secondary Mathematics: a longitudinal field study". The Internet and Higher Education 36(2020): 674-680. DOI: 10.17219/acem/208596

Downloads

Published

2023-01-01

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): vol 2 issue 1 2023

Section

Articles

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.